Why Beethoven’s ninth appeals to democrats and despots alike

Painting of Ludwig van Beethoven.

2024-05-07  678  中等

In Nazi Germany, “Ode to Joy” was trotted out each year to celebrate Adolf Hitler’s birthday. Josef Stalin ordered it played in every Soviet village. The symphony was performed for the tenth anniversary of Mao Zedong’s victory in the Chinese civil war in 1949, and in 1974 the white supremacist regime of Rhodesia made “Ode to Joy” its anthem.

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