The Saudis in particular have viewed the Iranian regime as a menace that must be abided. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, in his 2022 interview with me, made clear that he viewed other Arab Gulf states as family, and that families fight but eventually make up. Iran was in a different category. If its government, which has an unbroken record of hostility toward Riyadh, could be toppled, then it should be—but in the meantime, deals would have to be made, and concessions granted.