Regime opponents – not least in the diaspora – have often predicted its demise. The politically‑focused Green movement of 2009 was brutally suppressed. Ten years later, a harsh crackdown ended economically-prompted unrest. The current protests are smaller than those of the Woman, Life, Freedom movement at its 2022 peak. But they began in parts of society that have been more supportive of the regime, and have quickly escalated, with some participants explicitly demanding its fall.