In Latin America, groups like Brazil’s Primeiro Comando da Capital, Venezuela’s Tren de Aragua and Mexico’s Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generación increasingly decide who controls neighborhoods, prisons and local economies in their countries of origin. But they are no longer confined within those borders. Today, Latin American criminal organizations operate on a global scale, with investigations by U.S. and European authorities suggesting coordination with Balkan syndicates in Antwerp; gold laundering through financial centers in Dubai; and the sourcing of precursor chemicals for synthetic drugs from manufacturers in China.