A trove of documents released at the end of January showed that Dr. Attia had spent part of the 2010s in close contact with Mr. Epstein, making visits, dispensing medical advice and exchanging crude emails about women. Now, dozens of doctors — mostly women — are speaking out against Dr. Attia, whose podcast and book are popular and highly influential. (Dr. Attia was interviewed at The New York Times’s Well Festival last May.)