The belief in some quarters is that the US-based leaders—Nvidia, Google, Meta, OpenAI, Anthropic, and the like—are already so entrenched as to make it impossible for European nations to break their dependence on American AI, mirroring the pattern in cloud services. In early January, the head of Belgium’s national cybersecurity organization told the Financial Times that Europe had “lost the internet,” and should make peace with a degree of reliance on US infrastructure.